C LanguageMultithreading

Introduction

In C11 there is a standard thread library, <threads.h>, but no known compiler that yet implements it. Thus, to use multithreading in C you must use platform specific implementations such as the POSIX threads library (often referred to as pthreads) using the pthread.h header.

Syntax

thrd_t // Implementation-defined complete object type identifying a thread
int thrd_create( thrd_t *thr, thrd_start_t func, void *arg ); // Creates a thread
int thrd_equal( thrd_t thr0, thrd_t thr1 ); // Check if arguments refer to the same thread
thr_t thrd_current(void); // Returns identifier of the thread that calls it
int thrd_sleep( const struct timespec *duration, struct timespec *remaining ); // Suspend call thread execution for at least a given time
void thrd_yield(void); // Permit other threads to run instead of the thread that calls it
_Noreturn void thrd_exit( int res ); // Terminates the thread the thread that calls it
int thrd_detatch( thrd_t thr; // Detaches a given thread from the current environment
int thrd_join( thrd_t thr, int *res ); // Blocks the current thread until the given thread finishes

Remarks

Using threads can introduce extra undefined behavior such as a http://www.riptutorial.com/c/example/2622/data-race. For race-free access to variables that are shared between different threads C11 provides the mtx_lock() mutex functionality or the (optional) http://www.riptutorial.com/c/topic/4924/atomics data-types and associated functions in stdatomic.h.

C11 Threads simple example

#include <threads.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int run(void *arg)
{
    printf("Hello world of C11 threads.");

    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    thrd_t thread;
    int result;

    thrd_create(&thread, run, NULL);

    thrd_join(&thread, &result);

    printf("Thread return %d at the end\n", result);
}

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